Schwa wrote:EricN wrote:guamdoc wrote:
C02 is a bi-product of incomple combustion
Wrong. The higher the CO2, the more complete the combustion.
however, CO is a byproduct of incomplete combustion from oxygen starvation
Sorry Type 0, I Ment C0 (Carbon Monoxide) did that about 1am in the morning my time.
Here's some emission facts. And yes I own the company, But if your club is not interested then I'll just move on more power and a better running vehicle is not for everyone I guess. Informing people of the benefits is what we do, Never said you had to buy from our company and told you that there are several to choose from. We are vendors on mean different forums in the us. Most places would not bother trying to put the word out to a small population of turbo diesels such as these as these are everywere in Japan, Philippines, Thailand ect. As they say in the Philippines (Up to you)
You will find us all over the world and in plenty of post and threads on forums not to mention magazines.
http://www.mustang50magazine.com/featur ... index.html
Buy don't buy, does not matter do what you want with the fact.
Emissions
Vehicles powered by internal combustion engines produce by-products in the form of emissions, some of which are harmful to the environment. The main by-products which are produced are water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2). In addition, relatively low concentrations of the following potentially harmful substances are produced:
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) – a colourless, odourless gas which is formed when hydrocarbon fuels are burnt in the combustion process and is a result of incomplete combustion. Spark-ignition engines are particularly responsible for carbon monoxide emissions; an air/fuel mixture which is rich in fuel produces an excessive concentration of CO. It is important that vehicles with petrol engines are correctly tuned and maintained to provide the optimum air/ fuel mixture and so ensure that carbon monoxide emissions are minimised. In comparison, diesel engines are lean running, so tend to produce less CO emissions than equivalent petrol engines. However, if there is not enough excess air in the combustion chamber, increased emissions of carbon monoxide will result, as well as higher concentrations of soot and hydrocarbons (HC). According to a 1997 study “Improving air quality in Europe” conducted by the Club de Bruxelles, in 1996 road transport produced 65% of carbon monoxide emissions. Carbon monoxide has a significant impact on human health, in particular on the body's ability to absorb oxygen.
WARNING:Carbon monoxide is dangerous to inhale and is potentially lethal. Concentrations are particularly high when an engine is running in a workshop or other confined space.
• Hydrocarbons (HC) – present in exhaust gases and like carbon monoxide, are a result of unburned fuel during combustion. HC concentrations increase as the air/fuel mixture becomes rich and also increase if a misfire occurs. Hydrocarbons are particularly prevalent when an engine is cold and are evident by the presence of white or blue smoke from the exhaust. Hydrocarbons are also produced in the crankcase in the form of vaporized lubrication oil and through evaporation of fuel from the fuel tank and fuel system. Diesel fuels contain a large number of hydrocarbons which have boiling points between about 180°C and 360°C and the required ignition temperature for diesel fuel is approximately 220°C. It is difficult to ensure a high enough ignition temperature for cold engines and at low speeds which have a corresponding low final compression pressure. Consequently the presence of hydrocarbons is predominant at cold starting.
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – is a by-product of complete combustion and contributes to the 'greenhouse effect', the principal cause of global warming. Carbon Dioxide is produced even under perfect combustion conditions. According to Society of Motor Maufacturers and Traders (SMMT) figures, the global warming attributable to vehicular CO2 emissions is 12% in the UK. However, according to a 1997 study “Improving air quality in Europe” conducted by the Club de Bruxelles, in 1996 road traffic produced some 80% of total carbon dioxide (CO2).
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – includes Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and is produced in exhaust gases as a by-product of the combustion process. Lean mixtures produce more oxides of nitrogen than rich mixtures as the combustion temperature is increased. According to the 1997 study, road transport is responsible for over half of all NO2 emissions. NO2 causes respiratory illnesses and damage to lung tissue and contributes to acid rain and smog. It also corrodes stone buildings, statues and monuments.
• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) – along with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and Oxides of Nitrogen, contribute to the formation of 'acid rain'. It is one of the main atmospheric acidifiers and is the main culprit in the gradual errosion of buildings and other monuments of cultural heritage exposed to ambient air.
• Soot particles (diesel vehicles) – tiny particles of carbon are produced which can carry fuel and oil. The start of injection influences the emission of soot particles; if the start of injection is delayed such that there is incomplete combustion, increased levels of soot particles will result. The use of high injection pressures, particularly at low engine speeds can greatly reduce soot emissions and optimum injection direction such as that provided by EUI nozzles help to limit black smoke production. Growing concern has been attracted by the emissions of particulate matter, since it is composed of tiny particles which can linger in the lungs with serious health effects, including cancer.
In addition to the above, the transport sector produces a substantial share (about 30%) of emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) in Europe. Other air pollutants of concern come from substances in petrol such as lead and benzine which are also considered to be carcinogenic. The European Commission proposes to limit benzene values from 1st January 2010 and carbon monoxide levels from 1st January 2005. The two pollutants have been exempt from controls so far, but have been linked to an increased risk of leukaemia and heart disease. Motor vehicle emissions also create concentrations of ozone at ground level which when exposed to heat form the type of pollution known as “summer smog”. Ozone causes breathing problems, reduced lung function, asthma, eye irritation, nasal congestion and reduced resistance to colds and other infections. Ozone can be especially dangerous for the young and the elderly, and can also damage plants and trees and cause deterioration of rubber and fabrics. The approximate proportions of exhaust gas constituents for modern petrol vehicles is listed below:
• Water (H2O) – 14%
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – 13%
• Nitrogen (N) – 72.9%
• CO + NOx + HC = 0.1%